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White crystals
6285-05-8
C9H9ClO
168.62
Product Description
4-Chloropropiophenone, often abbreviated as 4-CP, is a chemical compound known for its use in law enforcement and various industrial applications. This article dives into the details of 4-CP, exploring its structure, properties, production methods, uses, and the safety measures required when handling it.
4-Chloropropiophenone (4-CP) is an organic compound belonging to the class of aryl ketones. Its chemical formula is C9H9ClO, and it is structurally characterized by a phenyl ring substituted with a chlorine atom and a propiophenone moiety.
4-CP is primarily known for its use in law enforcement as a tear gas agent. Its ability to induce temporary incapacitation makes it valuable for crowd control. Additionally, it has applications in chemical research and various industrial processes.
The molecular formula of 4-Chloropropiophenone is C9H9ClO. Structurally, it consists of a phenyl ring (a six-carbon aromatic ring) bonded to a chlorine atom at the para position (4th position) and a propiophenone group.
4-CP is a white to off-white crystalline solid at room temperature. It has a melting point of approximately 41-43°C and a boiling point of around 235°C. It is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone.
Chemically, 4-CP is relatively stable but can undergo reactions typical of aryl ketones. It can participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the presence of the chlorine atom, and it can also be involved in various organic syntheses as a precursor.
The industrial production of 4-Chloropropiophenone typically involves the Friedel-Crafts acylation of chlorobenzene with propionyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride. This method ensures efficient production on a large scale.
In the laboratory, 4-CP can be synthesized through a similar Friedel-Crafts acylation process. Alternatively, it can be prepared by the chlorination of propiophenone using reagents like thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride.
4-CP is widely used in law enforcement as a tear gas agent. It is an active ingredient in many formulations designed to disperse crowds and incapacitate individuals temporarily by causing irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
In chemical research, 4-CP serves as a precursor for the synthesis of more complex molecules. Its reactivity makes it a valuable compound for creating derivatives and studying reaction mechanisms.
Beyond law enforcement and research, 4-CP has applications in certain industrial processes. It is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals where its unique structure is beneficial.
The release of 4-CP into the environment can have detrimental effects, particularly on aquatic life. It is essential to manage its disposal properly to prevent contamination of water bodies and soil.
Exposure to 4-CP can cause significant health issues. Inhalation or contact with the skin and eyes can lead to severe irritation, respiratory distress, and other acute symptoms. Prolonged exposure may result in chronic health problems.
Effective Law Enforcement Tool: 4-CP is highly effective in crowd control due to its potent irritant properties.
Chemical Versatility: Its reactivity makes it a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis.
Health Risks: Handling 4-CP poses significant health risks, requiring stringent safety measures.
Environmental Concerns: Improper disposal can lead to environmental contamination.
When handling 4-CP, it is crucial to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and respirators. Ensure that work is conducted in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood.
4-CP should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and acids. Proper labeling and secure storage containers are essential to prevent accidental exposure.
Ongoing research aims to explore safer and more efficient synthesis methods for 4-CP. Additionally, there is interest in developing less harmful alternatives for use in law enforcement and other applications.
Future applications of 4-CP may extend to new fields, such as advanced materials and specialized chemical syntheses, as researchers continue to uncover its potential.
4-Chloropropiophenone is a compound with significant applications in law enforcement, chemical research, and industry. While its effectiveness and versatility are notable, it is crucial to handle it with care due to its health and environmental risks. As research progresses, the development of safer and more sustainable alternatives will be essential.
Is 4-Chloropropiophenone dangerous?
Yes, 4-CP can be hazardous, causing severe irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Proper safety measures are essential when handling it.
What is 4-CP used for in law enforcement?
4-CP is used as a tear gas agent to disperse crowds and temporarily incapacitate individuals through irritation.
Can 4-CP be synthesized in a laboratory?
Yes, 4-CP can be synthesized in the laboratory using Friedel-Crafts acylation or chlorination of propiophenone.
What precautions should be taken when handling 4-CP?
Appropriate PPE, well-ventilated workspaces, and proper storage are crucial when handling 4-CP to prevent exposure and accidents.
Are there environmental concerns with 4-CP?
Yes, improper disposal of 4-CP can lead to environmental contamination, particularly affecting aquatic life. Proper disposal methods are necessary to mitigate this risk.
